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Industrial Structure Adjustment of Shaanxi Province under the Limited Water Resources Condition

Xiao-jun Liu,Zhen-yu Guo,Chao Ding,Han-liang Fu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 378-384 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014057

摘要： Shaanxi Province is a region poor of water resources in China, and the lack of water resources is becoming a key factor which restricts the social and economic development of Shaanxi Province. In the perspective of efficient utilization of water resources, Shaanxi Province is committed to the transformation of the economic growth and the industrial structure, and treats these measures as important guarantees for the future development of Shaanxi Province. This paper focuses on building multi-objective programming model of industrial structure optimization under the limited water resources condition, indicates the direction of the industrial transformation and water consumption structural adjustment by solving the model, and furthermore points out the key factors that affect the development of Shaanxi Province in the future. Finally, the authors give some advices of promoting the reasonable and effective utilization of water resources of Shaanxi Province.

关键词： water resources capacity of water resources industrial transformation multi-objective programming

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基于系统动力学仿真模拟评价武汉市水资源承载力

陈威,周铖

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第3期页码 103-107

摘要：

水资源承载力对一个国家或地区的经济增长、社会进步有着至关重要的影响，是水科学与系统科学交叉研究的热点。以武汉市为例，采用系统动力学方法将水资源子系统、经济子系统、社会子系统、生态环境子系统、水污染子系统进行有机结合，建立仿真模型，并用密切值法对所得指标值进行综合分析评价。最终得到了《武汉市国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年总体规划纲要》实施过程中的最佳方案。

关键词：水资源承载力密切值法系统动力学评价

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Dynamic simulation of urban water metabolism under water environmental carrying capacity restrictions

Weihua ZENG,Bo WU,Ying CHAI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 114-128 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0669-6

摘要： A revised concept for urban water metabolism (UWM) is presented in this study to address the inadequacies in current research on UWM and the problems associated with the traditional urban water metabolic process. Feedback loops can be analyzed to increase the water environmental carrying capacity (WECC) of the new urban water metabolism system (UWMS) over that of a traditional UWMS. An analysis of the feedback loops of an UWMS was used to construct a system dynamics (SD) model for the system under a WECC restriction. Water metabolic processes were simulated for different scenarios using the Tongzhou District in Beijing as an example. The results for the newly developed UWM case showed that a water environment of Tongzhou District could support a population of 1.1926 × 10 , an irrigation area of 375.521 km , a livestock of 0.7732 × 10 , and an industrial value added of ¥193.14 × 10 (i.e. about US$28.285× 10 ) in 2020. A sensitivity analysis showed that the WECC could be improved to some extent by constructing new sewage treatment facilities or by expanding the current sewage treatment facilities, using reclaimed water and improving the water circulation system.

关键词： urban water metabolism system (UWMS) system dynamic simulation water environmental carrying capacity (WECC) feedback loops bilateral control

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水·水资源·农业节水

刘更另

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第7期页码 39-42

摘要：

文章从水性质特点谈到中国水资源的问题，认为不能单纯用年平均降雨量的多少来判定中国水资源的状况，水资源开发利用的好坏决定于人类社会的调节和管理。中国水资源总的来说是够用的，最大问题是降水量的时空分布不平衡。

中国农民几千年来创造了许多治水蓄水用水的经验。农业节水非常重要，关键在"分散蓄水，分散使用"，以减少径流在汇集和分散过程中的损失和污染，在提高水的利用效率方面有一系列的科研和实际工作要做。

关键词：水水资源农业节水分散蓄水

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Risk analysis methods of the water resources system under uncertainty

Zeying GUI,Chenglong ZHANG,Mo Li,Ping GUO

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第3期页码 205-215 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015073

摘要： The main characteristic of the water resources system (WRS) is its great complexity and uncertainty, which makes it highly desirable to carry out a risk analysis of the WRS. The natural environmental, social economic conditions as well as limitations of human cognitive ability are possible sources of the uncertainties that need to be taken into account in the risk analysis process. In this paper the inherent stochastic uncertainty and cognitive subjective uncertainty of the WRS are discussed first, from both objective and subjective perspectives. Then the quantitative characterization methods of risk analysis are introduced, including three criteria (reliability, resiliency and vulnerability) and five basic optimization models (the expected risk value model, conditional value at risk model, chance-constrained risk model, minimizing probability of risk events model, and the multi-objective optimization model). Finally, this paper focuses on the various methods of risk analysis under uncertainty, which are summarized as random, fuzzy and mixed methods. A more comprehensive risk analysis methodology for the WRS is proposed based on the comparison of the advantages, disadvantages and applicable conditions of these three methods. This paper provides a decision support of risk analysis for researchers, policy makers and stakeholders of the WRS.

关键词： water resources system evaluation criterion optimization model risk analysis method uncertainty

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Technology Development and Engineering Practice for Protection and Utilization of Water Resources in

Da-zhao Gu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第1期页码 59-66 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016010

摘要： Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, and Gansu (hereafter generally referred as “the Western Area”) are major coal-producing areas in China due to rich coal resources and good mining conditions. However, the Western Area has a serious water shortage. The surface evaporation is huge and a great amount of mine water generated in coal mining is evaporated and lost after discharging to surface. In order to protect and utilize the water resources during large-scale coal mining in the Western Area, Shenhua Group has put forward a technological idea to store mine water in underground mined areas and successfully researched and developed the coal mine underground reservoir technology by solving the technical difficulties of water source prediction, reservoir site selection, reservoir capacity design, dam construction, safety guarantee, water quality control and so on through 20 years of exploration. Now Shenhua Group has successfully established a batch of reservoir in the Shendong Mining Area, obtaining great economic and social benefits. The technology is also extended to other western mining areas, providing an effective path for harmonic mining of coal and water resources in western China.

关键词： Western Mining Area coal mining water resources coal mine underground reservoirs

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Operating mechanism and set pair analysis model of a sustainable water resources system

Chaoyang DU,Jingjie YU,Huaping ZHONG,Dandan WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 288-297 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0642-4

摘要： There is no alternative to the world’s water resources, and their increasing scarcity is making it difficult to meet the world population’s water needs. This paper presents a sustainable water resources system (SWRS) and analyzes the operating mechanism that makes it possible to evaluate the status of such a system. A SWRS can be described as a complex coupling system that integrates water resources, social, economic and ecological systems into a whole. The SWRS’s operating mechanism is composed of dynamic, resistance and coordination components, and it interacts with and controls the system’s evolution process. The study introduces a new approach, set pair analysis theory, to measure the state of a SWRS, and an evaluation index system is established using the subsystems and operating mechanism of a SWRS. The evaluation index system is separated into three levels (goal level, criteria level and index level) and divides the index standard into five grades. An evaluation model of the SWRS based on set pair analysis theory is constructed, and an example of SWRS evaluation in Shanghai is presented. The connection degrees of the index in the three levels are calculated, and the connection degree of the goal index is calculated to be 0.342, which classifies the city’s SWRS condition as grade 2. The sustainable use of water resources in the region is determined to be at a relatively adequate level that meets the requirements of sustainable development.

关键词： sustainable water resources system operating mechanism set pair analysis model Shanghai

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我国北方地区水资源合理配置与南水北调

潘家铮

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第10期页码 26-32

摘要：

根据我国的水资源状况及可持续发展的需要，从水量丰富的长江流域引水北上的南水北调工程是势在必行和可以做到的。南水北调的原则应是：建立节水型社会，以供定需；合理配置，注意挖潜；东线、中线相辅相成，并非有我无他；编制概算实事求是，力戒“上马概算”；局部利益服从整体利益，暂时利益服从长远利益；坚持水资源统一管理，科学调配，有偿使用；西南调水不现实，宜暂缓。

关键词：水资源可持续发展南水北调

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Scenario-based assessment and multi-objective optimization of urban development plan with carrying capacityof water system

Yilei Lu, Yunqing Huang, Siyu Zeng, Can Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1200-x

摘要： Impact of urban development on water system is assessed with carrying capacity. Impacts on both water resource quantity and environmental quality are involved. Multi-objective optimization revealing system trade-off facilitate the regulation. Efficiency, scale and structure of urban development are regulated in two stages. A roadmap approaching more sustainable development is provided for the case city. Environmental impact assessments and subsequent regulation measures of urban development plans are critical to human progress toward sustainability, since these plans set the scale and structure targets of future socioeconomic development. A three-step methodology for assessing and optimizing an urban development plan focusing on its impacts on the water system was developed. The methodology first predicted the pressure on the water system caused by implementation of the plan under distinct scenarios, then compared the pressure with the carrying capacity threshold to verify the system status; finally, a multi-objective optimization method was used to propose regulation solutions. The methodology enabled evaluation of the water system carrying state, taking socioeconomic development uncertainties into account, and multiple sets of improvement measures under different decisionmaker preferences were generated. The methodology was applied in the case of Zhoushan city in South-east China. The assessment results showed that overloading problems occurred in 11 out of the 13 zones in Zhoushan, with the potential pressure varying from 1.1 to 18.3 times the carrying capacity. As a basic regulation measure, an environmental efficiency upgrade could relieve the overloading in 4 zones and reduce 9%‒63% of the pressure. The optimization of industrial development showed that the pressure could be controlled under the carrying capacity threshold if the planned scale was reduced by 24% and the industrial structure was transformed. Various regulation schemes including a more suitable scale and structure with necessary efficiency standards are provided for decisionmakers that can help the case city approach a more sustainable development pattern.

关键词： Urban development plan Urban water system Carrying capacity Scenario analysis Multi-objective optimization

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创建资源系统工程管理新学科——兼谈“首都水资源规划”新型工程管理

吴季松

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第8期页码 5-11

摘要：

近20多年来系统科学及系统工程在我国得到高度重视和迅速发展，资源系统工程管理是其在资源领域的交叉学科新分支。面对世界和我国人口膨胀、环境污染、生态退化和技术迅猛发展的现实，有必要在更大的系统中建立一门不同于以前以机械承载能力为基础的工程管理学。这就是以自然资源系统承载能力为基础的、有一系列新理念的资源系统工程管理学，用来全面、协调、可持续地解决上述问题。在资源系统工程中可能不出现大坝等巨型标志建筑，工程中也包括体制、经济、技术和生态等非传统工程手段，但能更科学地解决问题。已经制定并正在执行的《21世纪初期首都水资源规划》就是这样一个例子。

关键词：自然资源资源系统工程新型管理北京水资源规划

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对格尔木市水问题的思考

孙雪涛

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第3期页码 32-35

摘要：

在气候干旱的内陆区，水资源如何配置是城市各项事业首要考虑的问题。格尔木市是西北地区的新兴城市之一，通过对格尔木市水资源开发利用与城市发展定位关系的研究和分析，认为其用水方式粗放，用水效率低，水资源紧缺，将会成为正在高速发展的格尔木市的制约因素，未来发展如不慎重用水，后果不堪设想。

关键词：格尔木市水资源发展模式

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膜分离技术：开源减排保障水安全

侯立安,张林

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第12期页码 10-16

摘要：

针对水资源短缺和严峻的水污染现状，寻找能有效保障水安全的策略是亟待解决的社会发展问题之一。膜分离技术的高效、操作简单等优点使其在水安全保障方面备受关注。本文介绍了我国水安全问题的内涵和现状，对膜分离技术在新水源开发、废水减排和饮用水安全保障三个领域的应用和研究进展进行了综述，分析了膜分离技术在保障水安全领域的作用，提出了解决水安全问题的策略和方法。

关键词：水安全膜技术水源开发废水减排

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民勤绿洲水资源利用的历史现状和未来

孙雪涛

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第1期页码 1-9

摘要：

石羊河流域下游的民勤绿洲面临严重的生态危机，如何抢救和保护民勤绿洲，引起了社会各界的广泛关注。文章通过对民勤绿洲历史演变和开发过程的研究，分析了民勤绿洲水资源利用的现实状况和未来发展情景。结合计算初步认为：石羊河水资源开发利用过度，目前已经基本丧失其河流的生态功能，民勤绿洲的水资源已无法维持绿洲的生存和发展。针对当前情况，提出了治理石羊河、抢救民勤绿洲，争取适当恢复青土湖的三个步骤。

关键词：民勤绿洲生态环境荒漠化水资源结构调整

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区域水资源可持续利用评价理论模型与方法

陈守煜

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第2期页码 33-38

摘要：

文章在论述区域水资源可持续利用与水资源承载能力关系的前提下，提出了区域水资源可持续利用评价的模糊模式识别理论、模型和方法。应用所建立的模型对汉中盆地水资源可持续利用的程度进行了评价，应用实例表明，理论模型严谨，方法简洁，评价结果合理可行。此方法也可用于区域社会经济可持续发展等的评价。

关键词：水资源可持续利用评价模式识别模糊性

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我国西北地区水资源开发利用对策的建议

赵文津

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第8期页码 21-27

摘要：

淡水资源是人类生存与经济社会发展的物质基础。我国西北地区的经济开发与发展，水资源问题特别突出。文章就西北地区开发中贯彻“人与自然和谐共存的方针”问题作了进一步讨论，提出在开发利用西北水资源过程中，必须从西北地区水资源总量不大，年蒸发量特别大，年降水量又很小的情况出发，积极节流开源，节约用水，防止水资源浪费，提高用水效益，减少水的污染，回收水资源，改善环境。建议积极走“藏水于地下”，扩大地下水与合理开发地下水之路。同时坚持不断地扩大可用的淡水资源。

关键词：水资源开发利用中国西北地区